SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN AT A HOSPITAL IN KENYA

Joseph Njenga Ngerecia, Sabina Wakasiaka, Lucy Kivuti-Bitok, Hannah Inyama

Abstract


Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the leading causes of infectious disease deaths worldwide.  In Sub Saharan Africa, the two viruses are highly endemic among pregnant women. With co-infection risk of perinatal transmission cannot be under-estimated.

Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross sectional design that sought to establish the seroprevalence of HBsAg among HIV positive pregnant women at JOOTRH. Participants were recruited at the reproductive health department. Ethical approval was obtained from the joint Kenyatta National Hospital and University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee and ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Standardized tools were used for data collection. SPSS was utilized in data entry and processing while descriptive statistics were used in data analysis.

Findings: A total of 125 study respondents participated in this study. Majority (32.3 %( n=40)) of the respondents were aged between 31 to 35 years followed by 27.7% (n=35) (26-30 years). Ages 16 to 20 constituted 12.3 %( n=15) while ages 21 to 25 accounted for 20 %( n=25). Most of the respondents were married (72%, n=90). The study established a co-infection rate of 1%. There was no correlation between demographic characteristics and risk factors for HBV and HIV co-infection.

Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of HBsAg among the respondents was low. There is need to focus on similar studies in other parts of Nyanza region.

Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, HIV, Pregnant women, Seroprevalence.


Keywords


Hepatitis B virus, HIV, pregnant women, seroprevalence

Full Text:

PDF

References


Awole. M and Gabre-Selassie. S (2005) Seroprevalence of HBsAg and its associated factors among pregnant women in Jimma Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J. Health Dev. 19(1).45-50.

Custer B et al. (2004) Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Gastrol 38:S158–S168.

Dafallah SE, EL-Agib FH, Bushra GO (2003). Maternal mortality in a teaching hospital in Sudan; Saudi Med J. 24:369–72.

Elinav E, Ben-Dov IZ, Shapira Y, et al (2006). Acute hepatitis A infection in pregnancy is associated with high rates of gestational complications and preterm labor Gastroenterol. 130:1129–34.

Ezegbudo CN, Agbonlahor DE, Nwobu GO, et al, (2004). The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women in Anambra State, Nigeria. Shiraz E Medical Journal, 5(2):1-8.

Hoffman CJ & Thio CL (2007) Clinical implications for HIV and Hepatitis B co-infection in Asia and Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 8: 402-9.

Kasolo F, Sakala I, Baboo K: (2003). Hepatitis B virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: Interrelationship. [Abstract no.963]. 2nd IAS. Paris, France: Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment.

Lar PM, Pam VK, Christopher PB, Gwamzhi L, Mawak JD (2013) Prevalence and immune status of HIV/HBV co-infected. African J Clinical and Experimental Microbiol 14(3): 120-126.

Lavanchy D.(2004) Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 11:97-107.

Mave V, Kadam D, Kinikar A, Gupte N, et al,. (2014). Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus co-infection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV: 15(6):347-354.

McMahon BJ. (2005) Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis B. Seminars in Liver Disease 25(Suppl 1):3–8.

National AIDS and STI Control Programme, (June 2014). Ministry of Health, Kenya. Kenya HIV Estimates Report.

Ornoy A, Tenenbaum A. (2006) Pregnancy outcome following infections by coxsackie, echo, measles, mumps, hepatitis, polio and encephalitis viruses. Reprod Toxicol. 21:446–57.

Piliero PJ, Faragon JJ. (2002) Case report. Hepatitis B Virus and HIV Co-infection AIDS Read. 12(10): 443-448-51.

Pirillo MF, Bassani L, Germinario EA, Mancini MG, et al, (2007). Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among HIV-infected pregnant women in Uganda and Rwanda. J Med Virol, 79:1797–1801.

Santiago-Munoz P, Roberts S, Sheffield J, McElwee B, Wendel GD Jr.(2005) Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in pregnant women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193: 1270–1273.

Thio CL. et al. (2002) HIV-1, hepatitis B virus and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet. 360:1921–1926.

Torantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. (2006) Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of the pathogens transmitted in published cases. American J Infect Control. 34:367-375.

Tse KY, Ho LF, Lao T. (2005). The impact of maternal HBsAg carrier status on pregnancy outcomes: a case-control study. J Hepatol. 43:771–5.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 Joseph Njenga Ngerecia, Sabina Wakasiaka, Lucy Bitok, Hannah Inyama



© Numid Publishers        ISSN:  2518-8631