EXPLORING THE PERSPECTIVE OF NURSES ON BURNOUT AND COPING STRATEGIES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN HOMA-BAY COUNTY

Rosebenter Awuor Owuor, Lucy K. Kivuti-Bitok, Miriam C.A Wagoro

Abstract


Background: Burnout is a problem among nurses globally characterised by increased physical and emotional exhaustion. The prevalence of burnout among nurses was high before the COVID-19 pandemic, currently, it is even higher.  It leads to poor health, sickness absence, reduced job performance, and intention to leave jobs among nurses. It also affects nurses’ personality, and productivity and is a determinant of depression. Due to nurses’ burnout, patients experience poor quality of care, falls, medication errors, poor safety, adverse effects, and other negative experiences. Purpose: This qualitative arm of a mixed study explored awareness, situations in which the nurses experienced burnout, perception of, and nurses’ coping strategies with burnout. Methods:  This case study was conducted among thirty nurses purposively sampled in Homa-Bay Teaching and Referral and Rachuonyo South sub-county hospitals. Twenty of these participants were selected for two focus group discussions in the first hospital and ten participants were selected from the other sub-county hospital for the third focus group discussion. These participants in the current study were part of the quantitative phase of the mixed research. They may have had or not had burnout but they gave the information to the inquiries made based on the guide.  A face-to-face group interview method was used to collect data where participants were asked questions and responses were obtained. A focus group discussion guide which had relevant questions was used as a tool. Data collection was conducted over six months during which responses were audio-recorded and field notes prepared. We listened repeatedly to the audio-recorded information and transcribed them verbatim, the transcripts were read through and through for data immersion. Content analysis was conducted using NVivo 11 software which involved code formation, grouping similar codes into categories, and the themes were generated from descriptions of related categories. The codes created were randomly reviewed by supervisors for intercoder rating and vigour. The ethical clearance was obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital-University of Nairobi Ethical Review Committee and the National Ethics Review Board. Results: The participants were aware of burnout; quality of care emerged as a theme under this question.  The themes describing the situations in which the participants in Homa-Bay County experienced burnout include the competence of staff, work overload, lack of cooperation among team members, conflicts, negligence, the characteristics of the hospital, sociodemographic factors, supplies, lack of or inadequate involvement of nurses in decision-making, and delays in patient management. The participants perceived burnout negatively. The effects of burnout emerged in three themes including the effects on health, family, and job performance. The participants’ coping with burnout was described in two major themes: resilience and support systems. Conclusion: This study provides information regarding awareness, situations in which the nurses experienced burnout, perception, experiences, effects of and nurses’ coping with burnout in Homa-Bay County. Given the sequelae of burnout, its prevention and reduction among nurses remains a priority for every administrator and health policymaker.

Keywords


Burnout, quality of care, case study, coping strategies

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alabi, M. A., Ishola, A. G., Onibokun, A. C., & Lasebikan, V. O. (2021). Burnout and quality of life among nurses working in selected mental health institutions in South West Nigeria. Afr Health Sci, 21(3), 1428-1439. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i3.54

Alzailai, N., Barriball, L., & Xyrichis, A. (2021). Burnout and job satisfaction among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia and their contributing factors: A scoping review. Nurs Open, 8(5), 2331-2344. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.843

Andlib, S., Inayat, S., Azhar, K., & Aziz, F. (2022). Burnout and psychological distress among Pakistani nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study. Int Nurs Rev, 69(4), 529-537. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12750

Ashipala, D. O., & Nghole, T. M. (2022). Factors contributing to burnout among nurses at a district hospital in Namibia: A qualitative perspective of nurses. J Nurs Manag, 30(7), 2982-2991. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13693

Bakhamis, L., Paul, D. P., 3rd, Smith, H., & Coustasse, A. (2019). Still an Epidemic: The Burnout Syndrome in Hospital Registered Nurses. Health Care Manag (Frederick), 38(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000243

Borges, E., Queiros, C. M. L., Abreu, M., Mosteiro-Diaz, M. P., Baldonedo-Mosteiro, M., Baptista, P. C. P., Felli, V. E. A., Almeida, M., & Silva, S. M. (2021). Burnout among nurses: a multicentric comparative study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 29, e3432. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4320.3432

Choi, M., & Kim, M. (2016). Development and Effects of a Resilience Training Program for Nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.4.373

Clavruel, G. M. C., S. (1982). <804-Article Text-3019-1-10-20130201.pdf>.

Clifton, J., Bonnell, L., Hitt, J., Crocker, A., Rose, G. L., van Eeghen, C., Kessler, R., Stephens, K. A., Teng, K., Leon, J., Mollis, B., & Littenberg, B. (2021). Differences in Occupational Burnout Among Primary Care Professionals. J Am Board Fam Med, 34(6), 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.06.210139

Constable, J. F., & Russell, D. W. (1986). The effect of social support and the work environment upon burnout among nurses. J Human Stress, 12(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1986.9936762

Dall'Ora, C., Ball, J., Reinius, M., & Griffiths, P. (2020). Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. Hum Resour Health, 18(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00469-9

de Oliveira, S. M., de Alcantara Sousa, L. V., Vieira Gadelha, M. D. S., & do Nascimento, V. B. (2019). Prevention Actions of Burnout Syndrome in Nurses: An Integrating Literature Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 15, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010064

Dechasa, D. B., Worku, T., Baraki, N., Merga, B. T., & Asfaw, H. (2021). Burnout and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals of Harari region and Dire Dawa administration, eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 16(10), e0258224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258224

Demerouti, E. (2015). Strategies used by individuals to prevent burnout. Eur J Clin Invest, 45(10), 1106-1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12494

Dimunová, L., & Nagyová, I. (2012). Relation between Burnout Syndrome and Employment Duration in Nurses and Midwives in Slovakia. Profese online, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.5507/pol.2012.001

DoĞAn, Y. Ç. D.-R. (2020). Bir Devlet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinde Malpraktis Eğilimi. Journal of Turkish Studies, Volume 15 Issue 2(Volume 15 Issue 2), 853-864. https://doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.37030

Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). Stress, Burnout, and Low Self-Efficacy of Nursing Professionals: A Qualitative Inquiry. Healthcare, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040424

Doulougeri, K., Georganta, K., Montgomery, A., & Lee, A. (2016). “Diagnosing” burnout among healthcare professionals: Can we find consensus? Cogent Medicine, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205x.2016.1237605

Fusch, I. P. a. N., R. Lawrence. (2015). .

Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs, 77(8), 3286-3302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839

Gelsema, T. I., van der Doef, M., Maes, S., Janssen, M., Akerboom, S., & Verhoeven, C. (2006). A longitudinal study of job stress in the nursing profession: causes and consequences. J Nurs Manag, 14(4), 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00635.x

Ghavidel, F., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M., Molavynejad, S., & Zarea, K. (2019). The role of organizational factors in nurse burnout: Experiences from Iranian nurses working in psychiatric wards. J Family Med Prim Care, 8(12), 3893-3899. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_615_19

Gómez-Urquiza, J., Aneas-López, A., Fuente-Solana, E., Albendín-García, L., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., & Fuente, G. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Levels of Burnout Among Oncology Nurses: A Systematic Review. Oncology Nursing Forum, 43(3), E104-E120. https://doi.org/10.1188/16.Onf.E104-e120

Hadiya, H. (2020). .

Harwood, T. G. (2003). An Overview of Content Analysis. The Marketing Review 3, 479-498.

Hsieh, H. F., Liu, Y., Hsu, H. T., Ma, S. C., Wang, H. H., & Ko, C. H. (2021). Relations between Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Psychiatric Nurses: The Mediating Effects of Sleep Quality and Occupational Burnout. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147327

Kabir, S. M. S. (2016). Methods of Data Collection.

Kleinheksel, A. J., Rockich-Winston, N., HudaTawfik, H., & Wyatt, T.R. (2020). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PHARMACY EDUCATION. Demystifying Content Analysis. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 84(7113).

Koivula, Paunonen, & Laippala. (2000). Burnout among nursing staff in two Finnish hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management, 8(3), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2834.2000.00167.x

Kokonya, D. A., John M Mburu, J.M., Kathuku, D.M., Ndetei, D.M., Adam, H.A. Nshimirimana, D.A., Biraboneye, P.S. and Kpoto, L.M. (2014). Burnout Syndrome among Medical Workers at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Psychiatry, 17(06). https://doi.org/10.4172/Psychiatry.1000142

Kołpa, M., Jurkiewicz, B., & Broda, K. (2017). Analiza czynników mających wpływ na występowanie wypalenia zawodowego u pielęgniarek onkolo-gicznych. Pielęgniarstwo Polskie, 66(4), 594-599. https://doi.org/10.20883/pielpol.2017.79

Liu, Y., & Aungsuroch, Y. (2019). Work stress, perceived social support, self-efficacy and burnout among Chinese registered nurses. J Nurs Manag, 27(7), 1445-1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12828

Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Job Burnout: A General Literature Review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(3), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9398

Mansour Bayrami, M. M., Yazdan Movahedi, Amir Azizi, Reza Mohammadzadigan. (2014). The role of perceived social support in the prediction of burnout among nurses.

Maresca, G., Corallo, F., Catanese, G., Formica, C., & Lo Buono, V. (2022). Coping Strategies of Healthcare Professionals with Burnout Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas), 58(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020327

Maslach, C. (1998). A Multidimensional Theory of Burnout. In Theories of Organizational Stress (pp. 68-85). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198522799.003.0004

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol, 52, 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

Neuendorf, K. A., & Kumar, A. (2016). Content Analysis. In The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication (pp. 1-10). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc065

Nugroho, S. H. P., & Widiyanto, P. (2022). Burnout Syndrome among Nurses during Covid-19 Pandemic. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/jmmr.v11i1.12085

Nwanya, M. R., D. (2021). The importance of understanding burnout: an oncology nurse perspective. British Journal of Nursing, 30(10).

Okoth, K. T. (2018). Job satisfaction among clinicals in Homa-Bay County Teaching and Referral Hospital. East African Medical Journal, 95(12).

Owuor, R. A., Mutungi, K., Anyango, R., & Mwita, C. C. (2020). Prevalence of burnout among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth, 18(6), 1189-1207. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00170

Panwar, A. H., Ansari, S., Shah, A.A. (2017). .

Poghosyan, L., Clarke, S. P., Finlayson, M., & Aiken, L. H. (2010). Nurse burnout and quality of care: cross-national investigation in six countries. Res Nurs Health, 33(4), 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20383

Poncet, M. C., Toullic, P., Papazian, L., Kentish-Barnes, N., Timsit, J. F., Pochard, F., Chevret, S., Schlemmer, B., & Azoulay, E. (2007). Burnout syndrome in critical care nursing staff. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175(7), 698-704. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200606-806OC

Rachiotis, G., Kourousis, C., Kamilaraki, M., Symvoulakis, E. K., Dounias, G., & Hadjichristodoulou, C. (2014). Medical supplies shortages and burnout among greek health care workers during economic crisis: a pilot study. Int J Med Sci, 11(5), 442-447. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.7933

Salyers, M. P., Bonfils, K. A., Luther, L., Firmin, R. L., White, D. A., Adams, E. L., & Rollins, A. L. (2017). The Relationship Between Professional Burnout and Quality and Safety in Healthcare: A Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med, 32(4), 475-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3886-9

Sargeant, J. (2012). Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Quality Assurance. J Grad Med Educ, 4(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-11-00307.1

Shah, M. K., Gandrakota, N., Cimiotti, J. P., Ghose, N., Moore, M., & Ali, M. K. (2021). Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Nurse Burnout in the US. JAMA Netw Open, 4(2), e2036469. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36469

Shoji, K., Cieslak, R., Smoktunowicz, E., Rogala, A., Benight, C. C., & Luszczynska, A. (2016). Associations between job burnout and self-efficacy: a meta-analysis. Anxiety Stress Coping, 29(4), 367-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2015.1058369

Sukmawati, S., Sudarmin. (2023). Population, Sample (Quantitative) and Selection of Participants/Key Informants (Qualitative).

Toh, S. G., Ang, E., & Devi, M. K. (2012). A systematic review on the relationship between the nursing shortage and job satisfaction, stress and burnout levels among nurses in oncology/haematology settings. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 10(2), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2012.00271.x

Wan, Z. (2019). Participant Selection and Access in Case Study Research. In Challenges and Opportunities in Qualitative Research (pp. 47-61). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5811-1_5

Zhang, L., Li, M., Yang, Y., Xia, L., Min, K., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Kaslow, N. J., Liu, D. Y., Tang, Y. L., Jiang, F., & Liu, H. (2022). Gender differences in the experience of burnout and its correlates among Chinese psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-sample nationwide survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 31(6), 1480-1491. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13052


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2024 Rosebenter Awuor Owuor



© Numid Publishers        ISSN:  2518-8631